Carb, fat and protein changes in vegetable fermentation, specifically a ballpark reduction arc in carbohydrates
I have been fermenting vegetables, kimchi for the most part, for a few years and am familiar with the general arc of the process, as well as observing how active my ferment is.
Yesterday, I started a half gallon of sauerkraut, a half gallon of white kimchi, and a couple pints of fermented beets. Today, I am working up nutritional values for each in support of a Keto eating plan. I've had no trouble working up the raw calories, fat, net carbs and protein for each recipe. Yet I know that fermenting will change the carbohydrates and perhaps other values.
I am aware there is no one-size-fits-all for this calculation, rather the opposite, it seems the number of variables is too broad to pin down any kind of equation. Case in point, I have three ferments going, all burning at a different pace. That said, I'm looking for any kind of rough approximation based on experience.
Two facts seem certain. One, that the fermented product will have a lower carbohydrate value than the cumulative raw ingredients. And two, the resulting carbohydrates will never reach zero. That leaves the rate of burn. Based on your experience, what would you expect the carbohydrate burn to be in a highly active ferment for something like Napa Cabbage, Red Cabbage, or Beets?
Less important, but of keen interest, should I expect the other values (cals, fat, or protein) to change as the result of fermentation?
Best Answer
on the "Less important, but of keen interest" question:
let's talk carbs instead of cals here. cals are potential chemical energy stored in carbohydrates, fats, proteins, etc. in vegetable fermentation, the fat and protein content is not a significant contributor to potential calories, so i'll confine this to carbohydrates
microbial fermenters' (effective, not comprehensive or quantitative) ...
most who do this don't track a carb burn rate, but they definitely notice when the jars quit bubbling. CO2 output rate is directly proportional to carb burn rate, but those are very difficult to measure without specialized equipment
there are two ways that fermenting usually stops, when fermenters
- run out of food (mostly carbs)
- byproducts (here, lactic acid) are concentrated enough to halt reproduction
so if the jar's quit bubbling, it's important to understand that it might not be down to near zero carbs
inputs are
- carbs
- minuscule amounts of protein and trace minerals
outputs are
- more fermenters
- carbon dioxide, which is not retained by most canners
- lactic acid
- compounds that lend funk to flavor and aroma
note that fermenters consist mostly of: water, lipids (structural and energy storage), and protein (structural and information storage)
to answer the keen interest ...
- net change in carbs? yes. down
- net change in protein? yes. up, but not by much
- net change in fat/lipids? yes. up, but not by much
Pictures about "Carb, fat and protein changes in vegetable fermentation, specifically a ballpark reduction arc in carbohydrates"
Does cooking vegetables change carbohydrates?
During wet heat treatment, as in blanching, boiling and canning of vegetables and fruits, there is a considerable loss of low molecular weight carbohydrates (i.e. mono- and disaccharides) as well as micronutrients, into the processing water.What does fermentation do to carbs?
What Is Food Fermentation? Fermentation is a natural process through which microorganisms like yeast and bacteria convert carbs \u2014 such as starch and sugar \u2014 into alcohol or acids.Does fermentation increase carbohydrates?
3.1. The glucose released during fermentation is a preferred substrate for microorganisms fermenting the food and could partly explain the decrease in total carbohydrate after 24 hr of fermentation (Osman, 2011).Are carbohydrates needed for fermentation?
Most microorganisms convert glucose to pyruvate during glycolysis; however, some organisms use alternate pathways. A fermentation medium consists of a basal medium containing a single carbohydrate (glucose, lactose, sucrose, mannitol etc.) for fermentation.Sources: Stack Exchange - This article follows the attribution requirements of Stack Exchange and is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0.
Images: Erik Mclean, Julia Filirovska, Milan, Milan