What's the best way to tell that pasta is done (when boiling)?

Since al dente means "to the tooth", I always taste it and see :)

To my way of thinking, texture and cooked-ness are two different things. The heat cooks the flour which makes up the pasta, but the time in the water allows the water to be absorbed and soften it. A dry noodle soaked overnight in a cup of water might attain an edible texture, but wouldn't actually be cooked.

Taking pasta out of the water stops the texture from changing, except that too long sitting out and it can get dry again on the outside. Too long in the heat and it would overcook. Lucky that water boils at a pretty constant temperature (for your location/altitude), so once you get the timing right for a particular type of noodle, results are very repeatable.

I only remove pasta before it's done (par boil) when you're adding it to a casserole.

Al dente cooking is a transitional state that lasts for a very short amount of time (one minute longer in boiling water makes pasta too soft, one minute shorter and it's still crunchy). For this reason, authentic Italian pasta packages state a precise cooking time, which is very reliable to make a good al dente pasta. A cooking time interval (e.g. "7 to 10 minutes") is usually given to accommodate to other countries taste, who may prefer a softer pasta, and therefore its presence could be a good indicator of an Italian look-alike pasta brand. In this case the lower figure indicates the al dente cooking.

Lacking this information, a good cooking time can be figured by cross section size, length and shape of pasta: obviously, thicker and squat formats require more time. Complex shapes, such as farfalle, can be trickier because a thick core could reach the al dente cooking while the thinner edges are already too soft.

As a rule of thumb, cooking times for common pasta formats are:

• Long and very thin (spaghettini, bavette): 6 min
• Long and thin (spaghetti, linguine, bucatini): 8 min
• Short and thick (maccheroni, rigatoni, fusilli): 12 min
• Small and thick (farfalle) : 8 min
• Small and thin (pasta usually boiled straight into broth): 6 min

These cooking times apply only for dry durum-wheat pasta; other types (such as fresh egg pasta) usually have a shorter cooking time.

After straining the boiling water, pasta continues to cook by its own heat; for this reason it has to be eaten as soon as possible. Only for some Italian regional recipes (typically pasta boiled straight into a thick vegetable juice, e.g. pasta with beans, pasta with potatoes) you may want to let it rest for up to 5 minutes after straining to let the juices coagulate.

Also, for recipes where pasta has to undergo a second cooking after boiling (e.g. stir frying in a pan with vegetables, shrimps, mushrooms, etc.) a better result is obtained by boiling pasta just one minute less than the cooking time given on the package.

other tips from an other Italian:

"With any type of pasta, if when you bite you can still see a white "core", that means it is not done. The white core is pasta that has not been hydrated yet." that's generally right.

First, you have to distinguish what type of pasta you have. And mainly which kind of flour has been used. The main used are

• a. durum wheat flour (used for dry pasta, orecchiette, semolino, couscous, some type of bread)
• b. soft wheat flour (and also chopped finer, called 00 flour from the extent of the tool for chopping, used for sweets, cakes, fresh pasta, like taglierini, tagliatelle, ravioli, agnolotti, lasagne, trenette [with pesto])
• c. a dough prepared with two-thirds of buckwheat flour (grano saraceno), which denotes their gray color, and a third of wheat flour (pizzoccheri)
• d. many other different types of flour, regional specific, or specific for some special preparations,most of all sweeties and cakes specials (pasta di mandorle).

The cooking depends on the type of flour used, on the texture, on the purpose and the results you want.

a. The dry pasta, made with durum wheat flour, have to be cooked "al dente".

(!) You need a tall, narrow pot, plenty of water up to 2/3 of the pot. Boil over high heat and strong. Once you put the pasta should be turned quickly because otherwise the pieces are glued to one another. The fire must remain high, but when the water resumes boil the fire goes a little lowered, so that the foam that forms no bait from the pot, but remains strong boiling up to the edge. This is one of the secrets.

"Al dente" means that you have to see in your plate spaghetti move like little snakes, as if they were alive. In the mouth must feel separately. This is achieved by controlling "the clock" time. Just before the exact moment, you take off a piece of spaghetti with a fork, cut in two with his nails, and you look at the center. If you see a white dot, it is uncooked flour. You'll try again almost immediately and the white point will be smaller. As soon as the white point disappears, you must act quickly.

Drain the pasta very quickly, put into a bowl (pre-hot) with a little sauce. Add the rest of the sauce and stir quickly. Serve immediately while hot in hot plates. It is a race with time. The residual heat should remain in the plate but should not increase the cooking.

b. Soft pasta is a northern product, very typic and traditional, often hand made, almost always made with one or two fresh eggs. soft pasta done with tendre wheat flour need a different cooking method. Past should NEVER be cooked "al dente", need to be soft, tendre and delicate.

Taglierini, tagliolini and tagliatelle are usually made for soupe. The pasta cooked in broth should always be tender and it would be impossible to keep al dente (tender that with the pasta would not even be good).

Similarly, the filled pasta (ravioli, agnolotti, ravioli, and also lasagne) must obtain the softness required to blend better with the other ingredients. The cooking should be longer and the cooking time is less rigid. The boil does not have to be strong, the ravioli are to be turned over very gently with a slotted spoon. They must be drained gently, trying not to break them.

The lasagne, in the traditional recipe are cooked separately, al dente, one by one, and place on a clean towel to dry. Then they put in the baking dish, alternating the filling already cooked. We adds a little milk or white sauce (besciamelle, but little) because it does not dry out too much in the oven and sprinkle with parmesan au gratin.

"Throwing pasta on walls is for clowns. Don't do it. We don't." I agree. What film have you seen lately?

tips from an Italian:

With any type of pasta, if when you bite you can still see a white "core", that means it is not done. The white core is pasta that has not been hydrated yet.

Throwing pasta on walls is for clowns. Don't do it. We don't. It is messy and not necessary.

Pasta continues cooking (hydrating) as long as it is hot AND there is water available. So if it is in a watery sauce, it will take in water from the sauce. But if, for example, you just tossed it with butter it will not continue cooking.

Though I always just taste it myself, one way to tell that's pretty foolproof is to take a piece of the pasta out and cut through it with a knife. Then look at the cut ends--if the inside looks whiter or more opaque than the outside, it's not done yet. You don't necessarily want it to be the same all the way through, but when it's still partly dry inside it will look different.

This is harder to do with really thin pastas (angel hair, for example) because it's hard to see the center clearly. But for thicker ones it works pretty well. Like all these things, practice is the way--start checking and cutting the pasta early and you'll see how the inside changes as you go along. Over time you'll start to know what you want it to look like inside for the doneness you prefer.

Not that throwing pasta around the room isn't fun.....but I take the strand of noodle and taste it, you want it to still have a slight bite to it and not have that mushy noodle taste in your mouth.

A trick I use is:

1. Read the time on the package
2. If that time is less than 8 minutes: boil the pasta for 2 minutes, otherwise boil for 3 minutes
3. Turn off the heat
4. Leave standing (still in the hot water) for the time on the package (do not subtract the 2 or 3 minutes!)
5. Drain

The nice thing is that it saves a spot of on the stove (you can remove the pan on step 3). You also never over-cook.

After enough experience you'll probably develop the ability to look at it to see if it's done (much the same way people develop a nack for pouring near exact measurements into their hands). Until then there's nothing wrong with picking out a piece of pasta and tasting it (Careful, it's Hot!).

Have you simply tried following the recommended cooking time on the packet?

I use Barilla pasta. I find that their recommended cooking time on the packet is actually quite accurate. So I just set a timer.

I used to taste it and have tried that fridge thing. Until it occurred to me that the one thing I did not try was following the instructions.

Scoop a few shell of pasta and drop it on a pan. As the pasta gets done, the sound of the shell hitting the pan changes from hard/sharp to soft. When the sharp sound of pasta shell dropping is just replaced with a soft thud, it's done!

When it comes to spaghetti and sauce, I am finicky. Three things must be true.

1. The pasta noodles must be 'al-dente'.
2. The meat sauce must be thick enough to stand a metal ladle up in.
3. The two must never be mixed together until serving.

My first priority: Pasta must be al-dente. The taste method is the only thing that determines proper cooking time. The slight bit of stickiness that would cause a 'newbie' to try to make it 'stick to the wall' can be much more accurately determined by the ultimate, perfect testing tool... the mouth.

Using a 12-quart stockpot and WAY more water than the recipe for a 32oz. package of pasta would have recommended... put your dry noodles in the boiling water and reducing to simmer, until determining the doneness.

See Jason P Sallinger Mar 3 '16 at 17:50 (preparation instructions)

Now it's time to slow down the cooking process...

Just remove the noodles from the hot water with a colander and immerse the, still internally cooking, pasta in the cooler water, long enough to stir once or twice. When satisfied with the feel and doneness and temperature, remove with a colander and place on top of one or two, clean dish towels on a cookie sheet. Until it is time to serve the noodles, keep them in the oven at a low warming temperature.

Put the meat sauce and ladle in a large serving bowl on the table with the other dishes. Serve the noodles, piping hot and dry from the oven, on each person's plate.

Place on the table.

Perfect.

Perfect pasta (some steps were omitted because the OP only wanted to know about when it is done)

• Ignore the time on the box
• Be sure to reduce your boil as soon as it returns after putting your pasta in your pot. Do it in steps, over a minute, to be sure you don't lose the boil/simmer. Ultimately, you want the simmer to barely bubble
• You need to tend to the pot in the first 1-2 minutes, to adjust the simmer, and also to stir. Once the simmer is set, and you've stirred a few times (to prevent sticking), you can tend to other kitchen tasks
• Return to stir every minute or so. Thicker pasta needs less attention (more time between stirs). What you are doing when you stir is sensing the tension of the pasta. Also pull it up and look at it. If it feels or looks stiff still, you don't need to taste it
• Once it starts looking and feeling like pasta you'd want to serve, now taste, and often. The good thing about getting the water to a low simmer is that it will cook more slowly, and uniformly. Once it tastes like you want your pasta, put it through a colander and rinse with cool water. This is assuming you're not making stuffed pasta, like tortellini or ravioli. I would not use a colander. Instead use a large basket utensil to pull them out of the water.

Stir the pasta. You can 'feel'the tenderness through the fork. This takes time and practice.