Can I take a glass baking dish from the fridge and put it in a hot oven?

It would depend on the type of glass.

If the oven is say 300 F then starting from 40 F (fridge) versus 70 F (room) is not a big difference.

If the glass is oven safe then that 30 F difference should not cause failure.

70 F to 375 F is a bigger difference than 40 F to 300 F.

Mine are (British/European) PYREX, which is borosilicate and has better thermal properties than US soda-lime pyrex.

It would almost certainly be OK, but to be on the safe side I'd put it on a room temperature baking sheet (ideally quite a thick one) before putting it in the oven. This will avoid the thermal stress caused by the bars of the shelf. Note that the difference between room temperature and fridge temperature is smaller than the difference between the coolest and hottest ovens you'd cook in.

It is impossible to answer this question without knowledge of the exact material and temperatures. Perhaps it is made of Pyrex.

The glass will break, if the thermal expansion is not homogeneous and causes high stress. Modern glass and glass ceramics minimize the thermal expansion coefficient a(T). This coefficient changes with the temperature so you can not assume that the effect is the same, if the temperature difference is the same.

The stress is maximized at the fill line, if your glass is heated up on the top, but still cold on the bottom, where the wet food with high heat capacity is.

Say the temperatures are

fridge T_f =   7 °C = 266 K 
room   T_r =  17 °C = 290 K
oven   T_o = 350 °C = 625 K

Q: If the glass can resist the stress of dT_1 = T_o - T_r = 335 K, will it likely resist dT_2 = T_o - T_f = 345 K?

The data sheets of glass ceramics show usually little difference for 10 K variation. You want to lookup a(T_f) and a(T_r).

I expect, that the glass ceramic will withstand heating up from T_f to T_o. A nearly full or nearly empty dish has a constant inner temperature and will withstand a higher temperature difference than a half filled dish.

Bonus: Schott is one manufacturer of glass ceramics and you can look up data sheets on their website, but also view this impressive movie about NEXTREMA glass ceramics while you are waiting for the meal. Thermal shock resistance of SCHOTT NEXTREMA® glass-ceramics

Some discussed °C/°F here, but in this question neither Fahrenheit nor Celsius but Kelvin is the correct temperature unit if you want to do any calculations.

How about placing your meatloaf in a 'bain marie' - another larger dish, containing warm water? That way, your glass dish can gently adjust to a warmer temperature. I would let it sit til the glass dish no longer feels cold, (change the water to warm again, a few times if necessary - til your glass dish is slightly warmed) then why not put the whole thing in the oven, like that, bain marie and all? I think this will protect your dish quite well. Good luck!